مجله روانشناسی و روانپزشکی شناخت
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 29، خرداد و تیر 1399)

Test anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems that plays a destructive and deterrent role in students' mental and educational health, which can impair a person's performance and lead to failure in the exam.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative evaluation in students with test anxiety.

The present study is a correlational correlation. The statistical population of the study included all students with test anxiety who referred to Ghaenat Education Counseling Center in 2018 (100 people). Who were purposefully selected. Subjects responded to the Young Inconsistent Schema Schedule Questionnaire (2005), the Scale Scale of Lieri Negative Assessment (1983). The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software version 25.

The results showed that there is a relationship between early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative evaluation in students with test anxiety. (P<0.05)

The results showed that early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative evaluation play an important role in students' test anxiety. Cultivating successful and healthy students will lead to a healthier and more successful society.

Infertility is an increasing problem that induced to individual and family outcomes.

This study aims to examine the effect of the acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience, marital satisfaction and attitude toward to the infertility in sterile women in Esfahan.

The research design was a semi-experimental research. Population were all the sterile women which referred to the fertility-infertility treatment center in Esfahan in the primary six months which of them thirty women participated in this test and they arranged in two groups: experimental group (15 women) and Control group (15 women). After that two groups were assessed in pre-test exam. After discussion, treatment based on the acceptance and commitment (ACT) was performed during eight sessions in a week. There was no variable in control group and there was also no treatment. After treatment, post-test was performed with renewed questionnaire and at last follow-up test was performed after six weeks. The data was analyzed by SPSS-20 and analysis of variances of repeated measures.

The results showed a meaningful increase resilience, marital satisfaction and degree attitude toward in experimental group prior to the control group in post-test. These results (except of resilience) observed in follow-up.

According to therapeutic elements of acceptance and commitment therapy and reality of infertility, acceptance and commitment therapy could be effective method to degree psychological problems (P<0.01).

Sleep disorders one of the problems of patients with depression is that they may be associated with a number of factors, such as rumination.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rumination and sleep quality in depressed patients.

The present study was a descriptive-correlational study. A simple random sampling method was used to select 160 patients with major depressive disorder at Farshchian Hospital in Hamedan in 2017. Pittsburgh sleep questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (pearson and spearman correlation coefficient) and SPSS 23 software.

The correlation between rumination and sleep quality in patients with major depressive disorder admitted in Farshchian hospital in Hamadan showed that Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a significant and direct relationship with 0.476 between rumination and sleep quality. So people who scored higher on the sleep quality questionnaire actually had lower sleep quality because of the reverse score. Data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between rumination and sleep quality (r = -0.476, p = 0.001).

The present study showed that there is a significant relationship between rumination and sleep quality in depressed patients and rumination leads to decreased sleep quality in patients. In depressed patients, sleep quality is more important and it is necessary to improve their health through strategies such as rumination therapy.

In recent years, focus on processes and cognitive abilities of athletes has been considered by psychologists and cognitive science professionals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness sport performance enhancement (MSPE) on attention, planning and sport performance of elite Judoka.

This study was a clinical trial with pretest, posttest, and follow-up assessment and also control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of elite Judoka of Tehran and by that 30 athletes were selected by convenience sampling with the mean age of 24.41 ± 2.35 and the sport history of 12.6 ± 2.35 in the both experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the Mindfulness-based intervention on athletic performance enhancement in the six weeks. All of the athletes were evaluated by Complex Stroop Test, Continuous Performance, London Tower and Sports Performance scale. In order to analyze the data, the repeated measures of MANOVA and ANOVA were used.

The results of the present study showed that Mindfulness sport performance enhancement training significantly improved the Continuous attention, selective attention and planning (p<0.001). Also, the results of the athletic performance scale showed the growing trend of the athletes during intervention and follow-up process.

Therefore, Mindfulness sport performance enhancement training can be effective in improving cognitive and athletic performance and using that along with physical exercises will improve athletic performance of athletes.

Existential crisis and parent-adolescent conflict are two concepts which are entangled because they are associated with each other, in this regard social support can play a significant role in improving the crisis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parent-adolescent conflict and social support in predicting existential crisis in students.

The method of this study is categorized as a descriptive correlational. The study population include all 12th grade students in Sanandaj that 175 of them were selected by randomized cluster sampling. Questionnaires of Parent-Adolescent Conflict of Strauss (1990), Family Social Support of Pss_ Fr (1983) and Existential Crisis of Ahmadi and Dastgheib (1994) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis by SPSS-22 software.

The results revealed a significant positive relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and existential crisis (P<0.01). There was also a negative and significant relationship between social support and the existential crisis (P<0.01). The results of regression analysis also show that 23% of the variance of students' existential crisis is significantly explained by the variables of parent-adolescent conflict and social support.

To conclude, it can be said that family conflicts as well as the way of supporting others can predict the existential crisis of students.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is known to be the most common childhood disorder. On the other hand, neurofeedback has been well received as a non-invasive treatment. The aim of this study is meta-analysis of researches conducted to investigate the effect of neurofeedback in reducing attention deficiency disorder with a focus on Iranian researches. Research method was meta-analysis, so all research reports have been found and gathered using domestic databases. The sample consisted of ten studies done from 2016 to first half of 2019 all around the country (Iran) including 1118 subjects. Results of these 31 studies have been meta-analyzed for model of fixed effects using effect size of standardized mean difference or d Kuhn (1988; Hooman, 2008). All statistical operations were performed using 2nd edition of Comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA). Results showed that mean of overall effect size of reviewed studies is 0.574 for fixed effects model and 1.214 for random effects that both are significant in p=0.0001 level. Non pharmacological treatments in sessions and lower ages can improve and reduce symptoms of attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder.

Breast cancer is one of the most common and fatal types of cancer which affects women more emotionally and psychologically than other types.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercises on the mental health of women with breast cancer.

A pre-test post-test design with control group was used in this quasi-experimental study in 2019. Samples of the study were women with breast cancer in Urmia. A total of 30 women were selected through convenient sampling (15 control group and 15 training group). The training group participated in a 12 weeks physical training (Tai Chi exercises) with average intensity of 55-70 percent for 60 minutes three days a week. General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979) was used in this study. The results were analyzed via covariance analysis in SPSS 20 software.

The results indicated that after 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercises, general health subscale scores of physical (p<0.01), anxiety and insomnia (p= 0.01), social dysfunction (p<0.01), and depression (p=0.01) significantly decreased in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05).

The results showed that Tai Chi exercises can improve mental health in women with breast cancer.

Bipolar disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. To treat and prevent the recurrence of the symptoms of this disorder, it is necessary to obtain information about treatment methods such as group cognitive-behavioral therapy with different techniques.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy with the drug in reducing the signs and symptoms of bipolar type -I disorder.

This is a pilot-experimental study (pre-test and post-test). The statistical population of this study was all patients with type-I bipolar disorder admitted to Ardabil Fatemi Hospital in 2018. In order to select the statistical sample, by using the available sampling method, 24 people from the mentioned population were selected (based on psychiatric diagnosis) and were replaced in two groups (experimental and control). SCID and Yang Mania scales were used to collect the data. Then, the data were entered into SPSS-21 software. For statistical analysis, Levn and covariance test were used.

The results of statistical analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy with drug had a significant effect on manic indicators and reduces its symptoms in patients with this disorder (P=0.05).

Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as a complementary therapeutic, along with pharmacotherapy, to reduce the signs and symptoms of type-I bipolar disorder. Also, according to the results of this study, the use of a team approach based on the cooperation of a psychologist and a psychiatrist in the treatment of mood disorders is recommended.

Decision-making and the consequences play a key role in the quality of an individual's life, to an extent that it can be asserted that human life is the collective outcome of one's choices and decisions.

The aim of the present study was to determine the predictive role of the brain's executive functions and risk-taking in the decision-making styles of students.

The research method is a description of the correlation. The statistical population included all students of IAUKSH during the 2019-2020 academic year. Among these students, 240 (male and female) individuals were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data, questionnaires of decision-making styles (Scott and Bruce, 1995), rescue executive functions (2013), and risk-taking (Ahmad Pourdariani, 2010) were employed. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and systematic regression using SPSS 21 software.

The results revealed that flexibility, programming, memory, and social cognition have the ability to positively and significantly predict students' logical decision-making style (P<0.005). Among the components of executive functions, only social cognition was a positive and significant predictor of intuitive decision-making style (P<0.0001). Dependent, immediate, and avoidant decision-making styles had a negative and significant correlation with executive functions. Risk-taking only had the potential to positively and significantly predict students' immediate decision-making style (P<0.001).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that different combinations of components of executive functions predict each of the decision-making styles. The basis for this can be considered as different cognitive or emotional processes involved in decision-making.

Disruptive mood dysregulation that is characterized by chronic disorder is considered a new diagnosis in the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) that is characterized by chronic, persistent and severe irritability in children and adolescents.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mood regulation skills training in reducing anxiety and irritability of students with disruptive mood disregulation disorder.

The method of research was a quasi-experimental with a pretest posttest and a control group. The research population included all male students of the first secondary school in Abhar city in the 2019-2020 academic year. Purposeful sampling was used to select 30 students who were randomly assigned as an experimental and a control group. The instruments of research were stringers emotional response index and beck anxiety questionnaire. The experimental group participated in mood regulation skills training sessions while the control group did not receive any interventions. To analyze the collected data in the pretest and posttest multivariate analysis of covariance (Mancova) with spss 21 was used.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pretest and posttest in the experimental and control groups (p<0.01).

Mood regulation skills training reduces the irritability and anxiety of students with disruptive mood disorders.

Internet addiction among university students is affected by various psychological factors that include social skills and mental security.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between students' social skills and psychological security with internet addiction and also to predict internet addiction based on social skills and psychological security of Payam-Noor University students.

The method of this study was descriptive- correlational. The population was all Payam-Noor university students in Tehran who were students in 2019. The sample of this study included 250 university students who were selected through random cluster sampling. In addition to demographic questionnaire, Young internet addiction questionnaire (1996), Matson social skills questionnaire (1983) & Maslow mental security (2004) were used. Descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and multivariate regression analysis were used for data analysis by SPSS-22 software.

The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between internet addiction with social skills & mental security among university students (P<0.05). Moreover, 8.7% of the variance in internet addiction was explained by social skills & 2.3% of the variance in internet addiction was explained by mental security.

To conclude, it seems that the level of social skills and high psychological security has a positive and significant relationship with the reduction of internet addiction and it can predict reduction of internet addiction.

Emotional problems are among the most common traumatic brain injury consequences that are associated with major depression after traumatic brain injury.

The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between alexithymia and emotion regulation in patients with major depression disorder after traumatic brain injury.

This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 60 patients with traumatic brain injury diagnosed with major depression disorder and treated in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan. Data were collected using second version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (Bond & et al, 2011), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby, Parker & Taylor, 1994) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and Celsius regression analysis.

The findings of the study showed a significant relationship between alexithymia, emotion regulation and experiential avoidance (P<0.01) and experiential avoidance plays a role of partial interfaces in the relationship between alexithymia and difficulty in emotion regulation (P<0.05).

According to the results, change in experiential avoidance leads to a change in alexithymia and emotion regulation. This study paves the way for using experiential avoidance reducing focused interventions, including acceptance and commitment therapy in major depression disorder after traumatic brain injury.